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Urban constructed wetlands: Assessing ecosystem services and disservices for safe, resilient, and sustainable

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 582-596 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0268-y

摘要： Climate change and rapid urbanization are pressing environmental and social concerns, with approximately 56% of the global population living in urban areas. This number is expected to rise to 68% by 2050, leading to the expansion of cities and encroachment upon natural areas, including wetlands, causing their degradation and fragmentation. To mitigate these challenges, green and blue infrastructures (GBIs), such as constructed wetlands, have been proposed to emulate and replace the functions of natural wetlands. This study evaluates the potential of eight constructed wetlands near Beijing, China, focusing on their ecosystem services (ESs), cost savings related to human health, growing/maintenance expenses, and disservices using an emergy-based assessment procedure. The results indicate that all constructed wetlands effectively purify wastewater, reducing nutrient concentrations (e.g., total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids). Among the studied wetlands, the integrated vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW-4) demonstrates the highest wastewater purification capability (1.63E+14 sej/m2/yr) compared to other types (6.78E+13 and 2.08E+13 sej/m2/yr). Additionally, constructed wetlands contribute to flood mitigation, groundwater recharge, wildlife habitat protection, and carbon sequestration, resembling the functions of natural wetlands. However, the implementation of constructed wetlands in cities is not without challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions, green waste management, mosquito issues, and disturbances in the surrounding urban areas, negatively impacting residents. The ternary phase diagram reveals that all constructed wetlands provide more benefits than costs and impacts. CW-4 shows the highest benefit‒cost ratio, reaching 50%, while free water surface constructed wetland (CW-3) exhibits the lowest benefits (approximately 38%), higher impacts (approximately 25%), and lower costs (approximately 37%) compared to other wetlands. The study advocates the use of an emergy approach as a reliable method to assess the quality of constructed wetlands, providing valuable insights for policymakers in selecting suitable constructed wetlands for effective urban ecological management.

关键词： constructed wetland     emergy     ecosystem services     disservices     ternary diagram    

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A case for assessing

Ian T. RILEY

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 568-582 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019270

摘要： Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts— Mediterranean, semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural production. The processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate change. Increasing arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their agroecosystems. Actinorhizal trees and shrubs in the Casurinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress, and/or infertile to hostile soils. Central Anatolia, Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further degradation. Therefore, species of and have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia. Based on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature, eight species were identified as being of high ( . and . ) to moderate ( . , . , . , . , . and . ) priority for assessment, with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.

关键词： actinorrhizal trees     agroforestry     climate change     ecosystem restoration    

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Strengthening Project Management to Attain Overseas Blocks with High Potential for Exploration

Shu-lin Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 331-337 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016058

摘要： New overseas venture evaluation is key for oversea exploration of Chinese oil companies, whose credibility directly determine the degree of success of exploration for overseas blocks. The uniqueness of new overseas venture evaluation in short assessing cycle and limited data make project management vital. Project management includes human resource allocation, quality control and effective communication. In China National Offshore Oilfield Corporation (CNOOC), the new overseas venture evaluation system has been established. This system includes quality control system and assurance for new overseas venture evaluation, geological evaluation norms for overseas oil & gas exploration, regulations for new overseas venture evaluation and seismic interpretation methodology and procedure for new overseas venture evaluation. Directed by the new overseas venture evaluation system, three-level quality control and management of data-room visit are strictly reinforced, which guarantees the efficiency and quality of new overseas venture evaluation. As a result the new overseas venture evaluation boosts the development of young explorationists and leads to breakthroughs in exploring potential target areas of CNOOC and in the discovery of giant oil and gas fields, which underpins the development of overseas business in CNOOC.

关键词： new overseas venture evaluation     exploration     project management     quality management     assessing system    

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Assessing combined toxic effects of tetracycline and P25 titanium dioxide nanoparticles using

Barsha Roy, Khushboo Kadam, Suresh Palamadai Krishnan, Chandrasekaran Natarajan, Amitava Mukherjee

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1298-x

摘要： Abstract • UVA pre-irradiation to TiO2 NPs enhanced its toxicity toward plant A. cepa. • UVA TiO2 NPs increased intracellular ROS, resulting in more cell damage. • Cell death enhanced cell permeability and increased uptake of NPs. • Being highly toxic (EC50 = 0.097 µmol/L), TC did not increase ROS generation. • Even at a low dose, TC enhanced the toxic potential of TiO2 NPs significantly. Usage of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and tetracycline (TC) has increased significantly in the present era. This leads to their release and accumulation in the environment. Both the compounds, individually, can have adverse toxic effects on the plants. Their binary mixtures can increase this degree of damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of both the contaminants in individual and binary mixtures in Allium cepa. Further, the toxicity of TiO2 NPs upon UVA pre-irradiation was also measured. Results showed that UVA pre-irradiated NPs (UVA-TiO2 NPs) had a significant decrease in cell viability than their non-irradiated counterparts (NI-TiO2), denoting an increase in photocatalytic activity upon UVA pre-irradiation. Very low concentrations of TC (EC10 = 0.016 µmol/L) mixed with TiO2 NPs significantly increased the toxicity for both UVA-TiO2 and NI-TiO2 NPs. Intracellular ROS generation was significantly high for UVA-TiO2 NPs. However, TC did not have any effects on ROS production. Both the compounds exhibited genotoxic potential in A. cepa. Different chromosomal abnormalities like anaphase bridges, telophase bridges, laggard chromosomes, binucleate cells, etc. were observed. The binary mixture of UVA-TiO2 NPs and TC showed the highest chromosomal aberrations (64.0%±1.26%) than the mixture with NI-TiO2 or the individual contaminants. This decreased significantly after recovery (46.8%±1.92%), denoting the self-repair processes. This study proved that UVA-TiO2 NPs were more toxic and could be enhanced further when mixed with a sub-lethal concentration of TC. This work will help to assess the risk of both compounds in the environment.

关键词： Binary toxicity     Cell viability     Mitotic index     Chromosomal aberration     Reactive oxygen species     Nanoparticles internalization    

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Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security: an AUSRIVAS

Susan J. NICHOLS, Fiona J. DYER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第5期   页码 669-687 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0556-6

摘要： River managers in Australia are managing in the face of extremes to provide security of water supply for people, production and the environment. Balancing the water requirements of people, environments and economies requires that water security is viewed holistically, not just in terms of the water available for human consumption. Common definitions of water security focus on the needs of both humans and ecosystems for purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industrial use, and to maintain ecological values. Information about achieving water security for the environment or ecological purposes can be a challenge to interpret because the watering requirements of key ecological processes or assets are not well understood, and the links between ecological and human values are often not obvious to water users. Yet the concepts surrounding river health are inherently linked to holistic concepts of water security. The measurement of aquatic biota provides a valuable tool for managers to understand progress toward achieving ecological water security objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the reference condition approach to river health assessment, using the development of the Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS) as a case study. We make the link between the biological assessment of river health and assessment of ecological water security, and suggest that such an approach provides a way of reporting that is relevant to the contribution made by ecosystems to water security. The reference condition approach, which is the condition representative of minimally disturbed sites organized by selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, is most important for assessing ecological water security objectives.

关键词： ecological water security     biological assessment     river health    

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Same stimuli, different responses: a pilot study assessing air pollution visibility impacts on emotional

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1620-5

摘要：

● Emotional responses to visibility-reducing haze was assessed in a controlled lab.

关键词： Air pollution     Emotional wellbeing     Variability     Visual exposure     Emotional bias    

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Chemical probe systems for assessing liquid–liquid mixing efficiencies of reactors

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1323-1335 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2275-7

摘要： Liquid–liquid mixing, including homogeneous and heterogeneous mixing, widely exists in the chemical industry. How to quantitatively characterize the mixing performance is important for reactor assessment and development. As a convenient and direct method for mixing characterization, the chemical probe method uses some special test reactions to characterize the mixing results. Here, the working principle and selection requirements of this method are introduced, and some common chemical probe systems for homogeneous and heterogeneous mixing processes are reviewed. The characteristics and applications of these systems are illustrated. Finally, the development of the new system is proposed.

关键词： mixing     chemical probe     liquid–liquid     heterogeneous    

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Development of an integrated policy making tool for assessing air quality and human health benefits of

Xuezhen QIU,Yun ZHU,Carey JANG,Che-Jen LIN,Shuxiao WANG,Joshua FU,Junping XIE,Jiandong WANG,Dian DING,Shicheng LONG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第6期   页码 1056-1065 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0796-8

摘要： Efficient air quality management is critical to protect public health from the adverse impacts of air pollution. To evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution control strategies, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has developed the Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition (SMAT-CE) to assess the air quality attainment of emission reductions, and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) to evaluate the health and economic benefits of air quality improvement respectively. Since scientific decision-making requires timely and coherent information, developing the linkage between SMAT-CE and BenMAP-CE into an integrated assessment platform is desirable. To address this need, a new module linking SMAT-CE to BenMAP-CE has been developed and tested. The new module streamlines the assessment of air quality and human health benefits for a proposed air pollution control strategy. It also implements an optimized data gridding algorithm which significantly enhances the computational efficiency without compromising accuracy. The performance of the integrated software package is demonstrated through a case study that evaluates the air quality and associated economic benefits of a national-level control strategy of PM . The results of the case study show that the proposed emission reduction reduces the number of nonattainment sites from 379 to 25 based on the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards, leading to more than US$334 billion of economic benefits annually from improved public health. The integration of the science-based software tools in this study enhances the efficiency of developing effective and optimized emission control strategies for policy makers.

关键词： air quality assessment     human health benefit     economic benefit     air quality attainment assessment     air pollution control strategy     decision support system    

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Current techniques for assessing developmental neurotoxicity of pesticides

GAO Yu, TIAN Ying, SHEN Xiaoming

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 337-343 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0064-4

摘要： Organophosphates (OPs) and Pyrethroids (PRY) have been widely used in agriculture and in the home as broad spectrum insecticides, but may produce considerable risk to human health, especially to children. Children are more susceptible to environmental exposure, and concern about the neurotoxic effects of pesticide exposure on children is increasing. There is a need for better understanding of the potential developmental neurotoxicity of pesticides. Techniques for assessing developmental neurotoxicity of pesticides will continue to be developed, rendering a need for flexibility of testing paradigms. Current techniques used in evaluating the developmental neurotoxicity of OPs and PRY are presented in this review. These include: (1) techniques (PC12 cells, C6 cells and other cell models); (2) Non-mammalian models (sea urchins, zebrafish and other non-mammalian models); and (3) mammalian models (morphological techniques, neurobehavioral assessments and biomarkers).

关键词： paradigms     Pyrethroids     non-mammalian     susceptible     morphological    

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A comprehensive simulator for assessing the reliability of a photovoltaic panel peak power tracking system

Nabil KAHOUL,Mourad HOUABES,Ammar NEÇAIBIA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 170-179 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0353-y

摘要： When designing a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, it is often difficult to correctly predict, before field testing, the behavior of this MPPT under varying solar irradiation on photovoltaic (PV) panels. A solution to this problem is to design a maximum power point trackers simulator of a PV system used to test MPPT algorithms. This simulator must have the same role as the MPPT card of the PV panel and thus will fully emulate the response of a real MPPT card of the PV panel. Therefore, it is a good substitute to help to test the peak power trackers of the PV system in the laboratory. This paper describes a simple peak power trackers simulator of the PV system which has a short response time thus, can be used to test MPPT algorithms under very rapid variation condition. The obtained results and the theoretical operation confirm the reliability and the superior performance of the proposed model.

关键词： photovoltaic module     DC-DC converter     design     maximum power point tracking (MPPT) card     microprocessor    

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我国河长制实施成效考核方法评估研究

尹海龙,葛佳宁,徐祖信,徐晋

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第5期   页码 169-176 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.020

摘要：

新修订的《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》增加了建立河长制的要求，从法律层面明确了各级首长对行政区域水环境治理的责任。本文在评估分析我国河长制实施成效、现有考核方法体系及其不足的基础上，提出了河湖断面综合水质评价和污水管网污染负荷截污率两种量化考核方法，以提高河长制成效考核的科学合理性。文章以上海市苏州河治理为例，介绍了综合水质考核方法的应用。分析了我国各省（区、市）的污染负荷截污率，发现全国平均仍有34%的污水未经处理排放入河道，造成河道水质反复恶化。将河湖断面综合水质评价和污染负荷截污率纳入河长考核，将会有效推动各地政府将人力、物力、财力集聚到城市排水管网改造和河道截污工作，推动水污染防治取得实实在在的成效。

关键词： 河长制；综合水质；水环境质量；污染负荷；污水收集；水污染防治    

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Assessing the effects of different dielectrics on environmentally conscious powder-mixed EDM of difficult-to-machine

Jagdeep SINGH,Rajiv Kumar SHARMA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第11卷 第4期   页码 374-387 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0388-8

摘要：

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a well-known nontraditional manufacturing process to machine the difficult-to-machine (DTM) materials which have unique hardness properties. Researchers have successfully performed hybridization to improve this process by incorporating powders into the EDM process known as powder-mixed EDM process. This process drastically improves process efficiency by increasing material removal rate, micro-hardness, as well as reducing the tool wear rate and surface roughness. EDM also has some input parameters, including pulse-on time, dielectric levels and its type, current setting, flushing pressure, and so on, which have a significant effect on EDM performance. However, despite their positive influence, investigating the effects of these parameters on environmental conditions is necessary. Most studies demonstrate the use of kerosene oil as dielectric fluid. Nevertheless, in this work, the authors highlight the findings with respect to three different dielectric fluids, including kerosene oil, EDM oil, and distilled water using one-variable-at-a-time approach for machining as well as environmental aspects. The hazard and operability analysis is employed to identify the inherent safety factors associated with powder-mixed EDM of WC-Co.

关键词： WC     hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP)     discharging     aerosol concentration     dielectrics     powders    

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Instrumented toys for assessing spatial cognition in infants

Domenico CAMPOLO, Fabrizio TAFFONI, Domenico FORMICA, Flavio KELLER, Eugenio GUGLIELMELLI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第6卷 第1期   页码 82-88 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0208-0

摘要：

This paper describes an interdisciplinary approach to the assessment on infants’ behavior, with a focus on the technology. The goal is an objective, quantitative analysis of concurrent maturation of sensory, motor and cognitive abilities in young children, in relation to the achievement of developmental milestones. An instrumented block-box toy specifically developed to assess the ability to insert objects into holes is presented. The functional specifications are derived from experimental protocols devised by neuroscientists to assess spatial cognition skills. Technological choices are emphasized with respect to ecological requirements. An ad hoc calibration procedure is also presented which is suitable to unstructured environments. Finally, preliminary tests carried out at a local day-care with 12–24 months old infants are presented which prove the in-field usability of the proposed technology.

关键词： inertial-magnetic sensing     in-field calibration     neuro-developmental engineering     ecological assessment    

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A CASE FOR ASSESSING ALLOCASUARINA AND CASUARINA SPP.

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 568-582 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2019270

摘要：

Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts— Mediterranean, semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural production. The processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate change. Increasing arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their agroecosystems. Actinorhizal trees and shrubs in the Casurinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress, and/or infertile to hostile soils. Central Anatolia, Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further degradation. Therefore, species of Allocasuarina and Casuarina have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia. Based on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature, eight species were identified as being of high (A. verticillata and C. pauper) to moderate (A. acutivalvis, A. decaisneana, A. dielsiana, A. huegeliana, C. cristata and C. obesa) priority for assessment, with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.

 

关键词： actinorrhizal trees / agroforestry / climate change / ecosystem restoration    

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Assessing the premature death due to ambient particulate matter in China’s urban areas from 2004 to 2013

Guoxia MA, Jinnan WANG, Fang YU, Xiaomin GUO, Yanshen ZHANG, Chao LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0849-7

摘要： The number of annual premature deaths attributable to China’s air pollution ranged from 350000 to 520000 from 2004 to 2013, while the figure in 2013 reached 9.9% of total deaths in China. In 2004, the life expectancy potential years of life lost was 69.6 and 1.85 years respectively in contrast to 74.4 and 0.67 years respectively in 2013. The number of PYLL attributable to air pollution in the northern regions is found to be larger than that of the southern regions. The Environmental Burden of Disease (EBD) approach for outdoor air pollution has been used to calculate premature deaths and average potential years of life lost attributable to air pollution in China over the past 10 years with differences between the North and the South of the country being analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) Between 2004 and 2013, annual premature deaths attributable to outdoor air pollution in China ranged from 350000 to 520000. In 2013, deaths resulting from air pollution in China represented 9.9% of the country’s total deaths. (2) In 2004, the average life expectancy of the Chinese population and the number of potential years of life lost (PYLL) attributable to air pollution was 69.6 and 1.85 years respectively as compared to 74.4 and 0.67 years respectively in 2013. (3) The number of the PYLL attributable to air pollution in the northern regions of China is found to be larger than that of the southern regions. The PYLL figures of the northern and southern regions in 2004 were 2.3 and 1.8 years, respectively, with a difference of 0.5 years, as compared to 1.4 and 0.7 years respectively with a difference of 0.7 years in 2013.

关键词： Air pollution     Public health     Premature deaths     Health assessment    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Urban constructed wetlands: Assessing ecosystem services and disservices for safe, resilient, and sustainable

期刊论文

A case for assessing

Ian T. RILEY

期刊论文

Strengthening Project Management to Attain Overseas Blocks with High Potential for Exploration

Shu-lin Zhang

期刊论文

Assessing combined toxic effects of tetracycline and P25 titanium dioxide nanoparticles using

Barsha Roy, Khushboo Kadam, Suresh Palamadai Krishnan, Chandrasekaran Natarajan, Amitava Mukherjee

期刊论文

Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security: an AUSRIVAS

Susan J. NICHOLS, Fiona J. DYER

期刊论文

Same stimuli, different responses: a pilot study assessing air pollution visibility impacts on emotional

期刊论文

Chemical probe systems for assessing liquid–liquid mixing efficiencies of reactors

期刊论文

Development of an integrated policy making tool for assessing air quality and human health benefits of

Xuezhen QIU,Yun ZHU,Carey JANG,Che-Jen LIN,Shuxiao WANG,Joshua FU,Junping XIE,Jiandong WANG,Dian DING,Shicheng LONG

期刊论文

Current techniques for assessing developmental neurotoxicity of pesticides

GAO Yu, TIAN Ying, SHEN Xiaoming

期刊论文

A comprehensive simulator for assessing the reliability of a photovoltaic panel peak power tracking system

Nabil KAHOUL,Mourad HOUABES,Ammar NEÇAIBIA

期刊论文

我国河长制实施成效考核方法评估研究

尹海龙,葛佳宁,徐祖信,徐晋

期刊论文

Assessing the effects of different dielectrics on environmentally conscious powder-mixed EDM of difficult-to-machine

Jagdeep SINGH,Rajiv Kumar SHARMA

期刊论文

Instrumented toys for assessing spatial cognition in infants

Domenico CAMPOLO, Fabrizio TAFFONI, Domenico FORMICA, Flavio KELLER, Eugenio GUGLIELMELLI

期刊论文

A CASE FOR ASSESSING ALLOCASUARINA AND CASUARINA SPP.

期刊论文

Assessing the premature death due to ambient particulate matter in China’s urban areas from 2004 to 2013

Guoxia MA, Jinnan WANG, Fang YU, Xiaomin GUO, Yanshen ZHANG, Chao LI

期刊论文